Cooling and dehumidifying apparatus



Patented June2`5, 1940 Y 2,205,413 COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFYING APPARATUSnii-tim Joseph Kooiman, Detroit, Mioli. Application August lo, 1931,serial No. 158,384

' IThis invention relates to a cooling and dehumidifying apparatuswhichuses flake, cube, or broken water ice or brine iceito remove heat andmoisture from air.

The main object of the invention is to provide a portable apparatus toproducev comfort conditions in occupied rooms during hot or humidweather.

Another object oi' the invention is to provide an apparatus Iwhich useswater ice or brine ice to produce vextremely cold air. for`'manufacturing processes.

Another object of the inventionis to provide an apparatus that is selfcleaningand self draining Ainail of .its parts andthat will require aminimum .amount of attention.

. Another object of the invention is to providev an apparatus forproducing cool, dry air free from dust, pollens, and the germs andmicrobes attached thereto, for the treatment of asthma. and

hay fever patients in hospitals and homes.

` A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus whichuses water ice or brine ice, in combination with chemical dehydratingapparatus to produce extremely dry air for manufactur-- ing processes.

The common methods of using ice for cooling and dehumidifying purposes'are limited to a large extent `to the latent heat of the ice withoutproper provision for utilizing the specific heat of the melted ice, norlany control of the relative humidity of thezair being cooled, which insome to the air contacting melted ice having a temperature higher thanvthat of the saturation telnperature of the air being cooled.

My invention provides for the counter flow ofv the air with the ice andmelted ice so that the entering air first contacts the waste ice waterindirectly, then a portion ofthe air contacts the melted ice directlyand indirectly, while` another portion of the air contacts the solidiceindirectly. The rst portion of the air can be subdivided into twoportions, one of which contacts the solid ice directly and the otherwhich contacts the solid ice indirectly. These portions of the airstreams are regulated separately to control humidity and are mixedbefore being discharged into the room.

Dehumidication is accomplished by contacting the air with surfaceshaving a temperature lower than that vof the saturation temperature ofthe air, while cooling is accomplished by contacting ,the air withsurfaces having a temperature lower than that of the air. The specificheat of a pound of air at constant pressure lis approximately 0.24

la. t. u., while the latent heat of o pound loifwtitet l vapor in theair is approximately 1050 B. t;u.,"`it

is therefore, necessary to produce` comfori'fco'x'ldi-y tions with theminimum of -dehumidiilcation-ani-YA the maximum of cooling in order. toattain economical operation. The latent heat of water ice 5 is 144 B. t.u. per pound and the specific heat of melted ice is approximately 1.0B..t. u. per pound.r

If the melted ice is increased in temperature from 32` degrees to 80degrees, due to absorbing heat from the rtlm air,"assumingithetemperature of the room tol be 80 degrees, then the melted icewillabsorb 48 B t. u. per pound, Vor one third ofv that due to the meltingof the ice, without.absorp' tion of heat by the melted ice water. Thedegree of economy kis indicated by the relation of the temperature ofthe waste ice water to the temper- ,ature of the room being treated.Germs and microbes are believed to be attached to particles of dust andby passing the air in `$0 metal, and rough surfacesvof` ice that arecontinuously washed by the water'from the melting ice, these particlesof dust and pollens and their tad-l g herent germs and microbes willv bewashed down-l 'contact with wet surfaces of metal, perforated of thisapparatus over refrigerated coils at freezcases may beincreased insteadof decreased due ing temperatures is due to the melting of the icev Ysurfaces and the washing away ofthe impurities,

-whereas in the case of refrigerated coils the ice keeps on forminginstead of melting.

Ice sublimes and forms a scum that has a tendency to clog the apparatus.The impurities ab.

. sorbed from the air also have a similar tendency.

This apparatus is self cleaning and self draining in all of its partsand all dust and impuritiesV absorbed from the air and all scum formedby the sublimation of the ice will be washed downward ratus showing themeans of controlling the temperature and humidity.

Figure 6 is a diagram of the apparatus in combination with chemicaldehydrating apparatus showing the means of controlling the temperatureand humidity. I

Referring specifically to Figure the case I8 is provided with the airinlet in the end, closed by the damper l2, and the air inlet I3 in thebottom, closed by the damper |4, either of which may be used and'vthrough which air is drawn into the space |5 or into the space I6, fromwhich, it is drawn through the spaces l1, I8, and I9 and into vthe space20, having been slightly cooled by contacting the waste water storagetank 2| containing the waste water 22. The said waste water storage tankis large enough to hold the melted ice and water vapor condensed fromthe air from one charge o1' ice and may be periodically drained throughthe pipe 23 closed by the cap 24, or by a valve for the same purpose.

A portion of the air from the said space is drawn past the damper 25into the space 26, then over and between the solid racks 21, 28, 29, and30, in a counter flow direction to that of the melted ice on the saidsolid racks, and into the space 3|. Each solid rack catches its portionof the melted ice dripping from the solid ice above,

-which drains from the notched drip edges 32,

angle and provide numerous drainage holes near the point of bending. Theair is cooled and a small amount of moisture is removed by condensationdue to direct contact with the melted ice owing on top of the said solidracks and by indirect contact through the solid racks.

A portion of the air is drawn from the space 3| upward through the openrack 33 supporting the screen 34, upward through the air passages indirect contact with the solid ice particles 36 by means of openings inthe side walls 31 and the tops 38 which are formed of wire cloth orperforated-metal, then through the lling hopper space 39, the screen46,' and into the fan space 4|. The major part of the dehumidiiicationis accomplished in this step by cooling the proper amount of air towithin a few degrees of the temperature of the melting ice to remove therequired amount of moisture, the air having been previously cooled intwo steps and dehumidied in one step.

The other portion oi' the air is drawn from the space 20 past the damper42 into the space 43, through the spaces 44, 45, and 46.

'I'he other portion of the air is drawn from the space 3| into the space46 where it is mixed with the air from the space 20, and this mixture isdrawn through the spaces 41 and 48 into the space 49, then past thedamper 5|! into the space 4|, where it is mixed with the other portionof air from the space 3|. The air in the spaces 43, 44, 45, 46, 41, 48,`and 49 is separated from the solid ice 36 by means of the ice container5| which is covered by the insulating member 52 on all sides exceptwhere the air enters and leaves the ice container 5|. The purpose ofthis covering of insulation is to keep the solid ice from cooling thesurface of the insulation in contact with the air below the temperatureat which condensation appears, to maintain cooling conditions withoutdehumidiiication conditions in this zone and to conserve ice byseparating cooling from dehumidifying. The thickness and kind ofinsulation should be sulcient so that with the minimum amount oi' airdrawn through this space the air will not bc cooled below 60 or 65degrees themperature when the room conditions are' 8O degreestemperature and 50 per cent relative humidity, or for other airconditions having the same saturation or dew point temperature, of 60degrees.

The air will be drawn through the apparatus in the path of the leaststatic resistance and without dampers this would be through the spaces20, 43, 44, 45, 46, 41,48, 49, and 4|. The path of next resistance wouldbe through the spaces 20, 26, 3|, 46, 41, 4 9, 49, and 4|. The path ofthe greatest resistance would be through the spaces 20, 26, 3|, thescreen 34, the air passages 35, with the rough sides 31, the screens 38,the pieces of ice 36, the screen 48, and the spaces 4|. The air flow canbe divided betweenthe rst two routes by means of the dampers 25 and 42,which work oppositely to each other. The air flow from the space 3| canbe divided between the last two routes by means of the damper 50, whichwhen open allows substantially all of the air to pass through the secondroute due to the greater resistance of the screens 34,

38,k and 46, the resistance of the rough surfaces 31, of the airpassages 35, and the resistance of the pieces of ice 36. closed all ofthe air from the space 3| is forced or drawn through the screen 34, theair passages 35, the screens 38, between the pieces of ice 36 and thescreen 40, and into the space 4|.

'I'he air is-drawn from the space 4| by the fan 53, driven by the motor54, through the duct 55 past the damper 56 into the room, and from whichit is recirculated through the cooling and dehumidifying apparatus.

The container 5| is filled with flake, cube, or broken ice through the.hopper 39 by opening the filling door 51. The melted ice flows downbetween the ice particles and down the perforated sides 31 of the airpassages 35, through the screen 34 and the open rack 33, into the space3| and onto the solid racks 21, 28, 29, and 38, in a direction oppositeto that of the air flow.

Electric power isv supplied by the positive ,wire 58, controlled by theswitch 59, and the negative wire 66 to operate the motor 54 and tosupply the transformer 6|, from which low voltage current is supplied bythe positive wire 62 to the thermostat 63, the damper motor 64, thehumido- When the damper 50 isstat 65, the damper motor 66, and thedamper motor 61. grounded.

On arising room temperature, the thermostatic element in the thermostat63 completes a circuit by means of the positive wire 62 and the negativewire 69 lto cause the damper motor 64 to move the lever 10 having thepivot 1| to move the rod 12 operating on the pivot 13 attached to thelever 14 to open the damper 56 to allow an increased volume of air to bedrawn through the apparatus.

On a lowering temperature, the said thermo- The negative wire 68 isshown static element completes a circuit by means of the positive wire62 and the negative Wire 15 to cause the said damper motor 64 to operatethe said levers and rod in the opposite direction to close the saiddamper v56 to decrease the volume of air drawn through the apparatus.

On a rising room humidity, the humidostatic moans element in thehumidostat 95 completes'a circuit by means ofthe positive wire 62 andthe negative wire 95 to cause the damper motor 68 to move the lever 18having the pivot 11 to move the rod 18 operating on the pivot 19attached to the lever 80 to close the damper 59 to increase the staticresistance to decrease the volume of air drawn through the spaces 43,44, 45, 46, 41, 48, and 49, and to increase the volume of air drawnthrough the spaces 29, 3|, 95, and 39, and after the said lever hasmoved to a predeterminedpoint in the arc, mechanism within the saiddamper motor 95 completes a circuit by means of the positive wire 92vand the negative wire 8| to cause the dampermotor 91 to'move s thelever 82 having the pivot 83 to move the rod 84 operating on the pivotv85 attachedto the lever 85 to open the damper `25 to `increase thevolumeotair drawn through the spaces 28, 3|, 135, and 39, and also themovement of the said rod 84 operating on the pivot 81 attached tothelever 88 to close the damper 42 to decrease the volume of air drawnthrough the spaces 43, 44, 45, 48, 41, 48, and .49.

0n a lowering humidity, the said humidostatic element in the humidostat65 completes` a circuit by means of the positive wire 92 andthe negativewire l89 to cause the said damper motor 65 to operate the said leversand rod in the opposite direction to open the said `damper 5|! todecrease the static resistance to increase the volume of air drawnthrough the said spaces 43, 44, 45, 48, 41, 48, and 49, and to decreasethe volume of air drawn through the said spaces 28, 3|, 35, and 89, andafter the said lever 19 has moved in the opposite direction to apredetermined point` in the arc, mechanism Within the said damper motor69 completes a circuit by means of the positive wire 82 and the negativewire 90 to cause the said damper motor 51 to operate the said levers androd in the opposite direction to close the said damper 25 to decreasethe volume of air drawn through the said spaces 29, 3|, 35,-and 39, and

also to open the said'damper 42 to increase the .volume of air drawnthrough the said spaces .43,

44, 45, 46, 41, 48, and 49.

When it is desired to produce extremely cold air ior manufacturingpurposes, the humidostat is set at 10 per cent relative humidity andallot the air is drawn through the apparatus in contact with the solidice and is cooled to within. a few degrees of the melting point of theice. Flake brine ice can be used with `a'melting point of minus sixdegrees rFahrenheit which allows temperatures approximating zero forthe-saturated air leaving the apparatus.

' Figure 6 shows a diagram of apparatus for producing extremely dry airin which air is drawn from the space being conditioned denoted as 9|,throughithe duct 92 through the case I 0, indicating the apparatus shownin Figure 5, through the duct 93, through the chemical dehydratingapparatus 94, and through the duct 91 to the said space 9|. The chemicaldehydrating apparatus refers to any arrangement in which the leaving airis in contact with the dry chemical and which uses a hygroscopic agentsuch as calcium chioride, magnesium chloride, or other chemical notaltered in effect by temperatures below the freezing point of water. andthe total heat of the air remains constant in this chemical dehydratingapparatus, and the rise inthe dry bulb temperature of the air is equalto the conversion of the latent heat of the moisture absorbed intosensible heat, approxi- The wet bulb temperature mately. Assuming thatthe air leaving the case I9 to have a temperature of 35 degrees and 100per cent relative' humidity, when water ice is used as the cooling andcondensingrmediukm, the air leaving the chemical dehydrator would have atemperature of 43 degrees and a relative humidity of 40'per cent,corresponding to a saturation temperature of 22 degrees, approximately.

Assuming that the air leaving the case Il'to have a temperature of zeroland a relative humidity of 100 per cent, when 4brine ice is used as thecooling and condensing medium, the air leaving the chemical dehydratorwould have a, temperature of 2.0 degrees and a relative humidity of 50per cent, corresponding to a vsaturation temn perature of minus Ildegrees, approximately.

When the temperature of the space 9| is kept above freezing, thethermostat 93 and the humidostat 55 are placed within the said space 9|and control theoperation of the apparatus as previously described forFigure 5, except ata lowertemperature and with drier air due to the flowered dew point temperature. in atiye humidity.

When the temperature o! the space 9| is kept terms of rel-Ik proximatelyconstant through the chemical delhydrating apparatus, it is a measure ofAthe wet bulb temperature of the air in the duct 91. 'Ihe thermostat 53is moved into the said duct 91 and is a measure of the dry bulbtemperature o! the air in the said duct 91, and the relation of the wetbulb temperature to that of the drybulb temperature is a measure o! thehumidity. The action ofthe said thermostat, is the same asbelowjreezing, and the air is cooled below sat-`l mation-temperature,the humidostat is rethat for the humidostat 55, that is, with arisingtemperature the same damper movements taire` place as with. the risinghumidity, and with a lowering temperature the reverse is true,

It ls-also possible with this arrangement to carry the room temperaturehigher than the tem--` perature vof the air in' the duct 91 by placing aheating coil in the duct 91 after the said thermostat 83 andcontrollingthe amount of steamv supplied to the coil by a room thermostat.

It is to be understood that minor changes may be made lin the inventionto make it of practical use, including the substitution of compressedairat various pressures for operating the dempers 5 in series and in theproper sequence. i

What I claim is:

1. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising a I container for receivingpieces of ice through an opening in the top,` a perforated bottom for,the drainage of melted ice `and for the entrance of air, the majorportion of the sides of said container being partially insulated forretarding the transmission of heat from the air surrounding the saidcontainer to the ice, a portionvof the upper part of the sides beingperforated for the exit of air, xed vertical air passages extendingthrough the major portion of the heightl of the said container andhaving perforated sides and tops for contacting the ice with the air andfor draining the melted ic'e, means i'or drawing air upward through thesaid air passages inl contact with the ice and melted ice, for removingheat, moisture, and impurities, means for drawing air around thepartially insulated sides of the said ice container, for removing heatonly, horizontal members placed beneath the said ice container andpositioned so that each member catches its proportion of the ice waterdripping from the said ice container, said horizontal members havingsmooth upper surfaces without obstructions for draining the icewater andimpurities absorbed from the air and having the edge exposed to the icewater drippings turned up at an angle for directing the said ice watertoow in a direction opposite to that of the air, means for causing the'airto flow between the said horizontal members, for removing heat,moisture, vand impurities, a collecting tank positioned below the saidhorizontal members for collecting the waste ice water dripping from thesaid horizontal members and having a drainat ithe lowest point fordraining the waste water and absorbed impurities, means for drawing airaround the said collecting tank, for removing heat only, means forproportioning the air through the various routes, and means forcontrolling the volume of air circulated.

2. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising in combination, a containerfor receiving pieces of ice, means for insulating the said containerfrom the surrounding air, members for receiving the ice water formed bythe melting of the said pieces of ice, a tank for receiving the wasteice water from the said ice water receiving members, means for drawingair from an enclosure, means for flowing the air in contact with thesaid waste ice watertank, means for flowing a portion of the air aroundthe said ice container, means for flowing the other portion of the airin contact` with the said ice water and icewater receiving means, ineansfor flowing a part of the latter portion of the said air flow in contactwith the said piecesV of ice, means for flowing the other part of thelatter portion of the said air flow around the said ice. container andfor mixing with the said first portion of the: air flow, means forcombining this mixture with the other part of the-said latter flow ofair, means for regulating the proportions of the three flows of air,means for returning the combined flow of air to the said enclosure, andmeans for controlling the volume of air circulated.

3. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising, a container for receivingpieces of ice, said container having a perforated bottom for drainingthe melted ice and fixed vertical air passages extending `through themajor portion of the height of the said container,- the said airpassages having perforated sides and tops for contacting the ice withthe air, members for receiving the ice water formed by the melting ofthe said pieces of ice, a tank for receiving the waste ice water fromthe said ice water receiving members, means for withdrawing air from anenclosure and for flowing the air first in contact with the waste icewater receiving tank, means for flowing the air next in contact with thesaid ice water and icewater receiving members, means for next flowingthe air upwardly through the said perforated bottom and upwardlythroughthe said air passages and contacting the air with the said pieces ofice, and means for returning the air to the said enclosure.

4. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising in combination, .a containerfor receiving pieces of ice, means for insulating the said containerfrom the surrounding air, members for receiving the ice water formed bythe melting of the said pieces of ice, a tank for receiving the wasteice water from the said ice water receiving members, means forwithdrawing air from an enclosure and for flowing the air in contactwith the said waste ice water receiving tank, means for flowing aportion of the air aroundthe said ice container, means forflowing theother portion of the air in contact with the said ice water and the saidice water receiving members and-'through and around the said icecontainer, Ameans for combining the two Lportions o f,air, means forregulating the proportions of the two portions of air, means forreturning the combined iiow of air to the said enclosure,

and means for controlling the volume ofl air circulated.

5. `Air `conditioning apparatus, comprising in combination, a containerfor recelvingpieces of ice, means for insulating the said container fromthe surrounding air, members for receiving the ice water formed by themelting of the said pieces of ice, a tank for receiving the waste icewater from the said ice water receiving members, means for withdrawingair from an enclosure and for flowing the air in contact with the saidwaste ice water receiving tank, means for flowing the air in contactwith the said ice water and ice water tion of the-air flow with the saidpieces of ice, means for contacting the other portion of the air flowwith the said insulated ice container, means for varying the proportionsof the two air flows, means for mixing the two flows of air, means forreturning the combined air flow to the said enclosure, and means forcontrolling the volume of air circulated.

6. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising, a container for receivingpieces of ice, having a perforated bottom for draining the melted ice,means for partially insulating the said container from the surroundingair, members for receiving the ice water formed by the melting of thesaid pieces of ice, a tank for receiving the waste ice water from thesaid ice water receiving members,

means for withdrawing air from an enclosure and for flowing the airfirst in contact with the said waste ice water tank and next around thepartiallyinsulated sides of the said ice container, and means forreturning the air to the said enclosure.

7. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising an ice container having anopening in the top for filling with pieces of ice, the bottom perforatedfor the drainage of ice water and for the entrance of air, the upperpart perforated for the exit of Y air, the major portion of the sidesthermally insulated for retarding the transmission of heat, and airpassages extending vertically through the major portion of the said icecontainer, having the sides and tops perforated to secure direct contactbetween the air and the pieces of ice, horizontal solid racks placedbeneath the said ice receiving members, means for contacting aporcontainer, horizontally positioned so that each a rack catches itsproportion of the ice water dripping from the said ice container, saidsolid racks having turned up edges exposed to the said water drippingsand the opposite edges turned down'so as to cause the ice water to flowacross the surface of the said solid racks in direct and in indirectcontact with the air and to drip from acca-11a an`enc1osure 'in andaround the bottom and sides of the waste ice water receptacle, over andbetween the solid racks in a direction opposite to the ow of the icewater, means for drawing the air through either of two routes and meansfor regulating the ratios of the two flows, either through theperforated'bottom and up through thevair passages of the ice containerand through the perforated portion of the upper part of the exit of air,the major portion of the sides thermally insulated for retarding thetransmission of heat, and air passages extending vertically ,through themajor portion of the said ice container, having the sides and topsperforated to secure direct contact between the air and the pieces ofice, horizontal solid racks placed beneath the said ice container,horizontally positioned so that each rack catches its proportion of theice water dripping from the said ice container, said solid racks havingturned up edges exposed to the said ice water drippings and the oppositeedges turned down so as to cause the ice water to flow across thesurface of the said solid racks in direct and in indirect contact withthe air and to drip from the turned down edges, from one rack toanother, in a series of small streams due to notches formed atintervals-in the said turned down edges so as to break up the surfacetension of the ice water, a receptacle placed beneath the said solidracks for catching the Waste ice water dripping from the lowest solidrack,` means for drawing air from an enclosure in and around the bottomand sides of ,the waste ice water receptacle and through either of tworoutes and means for regulating the ratios of the two flows, either overand between the solid racks and around the thermally insulated sides ofthe ice container, or around the thermally insulated sides of the icecontainer,

and means for returning the combined flow of air .to the said enclosure.

9. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising an ice container having anopening in the top for lling with pieces of ice, the bottom perforatedfor the drainage of ice water and for the entrance of air, the upperpart perforated for the exit of air, the major portion of the sidesthermally insulated for retarding the transmission of heat, and airpassages extending vertically through the major portion of the said icecontainer, having the sides and topsperforated to secure direct contactbetween the air andthe pieces of ice, horizontal solid racks placedbeneath the said ice container, horizontally positioned so that 4eachrack catches its proportion of the ice water dripping from the said icecontainer, said solid racks having turned up edges exposed vto the saidice Water drippings and the opposite edges .turned down -so as to causethe ice water to ow across the surface of the said solid racks in directand in indirect contact with the air and to drip from the turned downedges, from one rack to another, in a series vof small streams due tonotches formed at intervals in the said turned down edges so as to breakup the surface tension of the ice water, a receptacle placed beneath thesaid solid racks for catching the waste ice water dripping from thelowest solid rack, means for drawing air from. an enclosure in andaround the bottom and sides of the 'waste ice water receptacle, over andbetween the'solid'racks in a direction opposite to the flow of the icewater,

through the perforated bottom and up through` the air passages of thelce container in a direction opposite to the ow of the ice water,through the perforated portion of vthe upper part of the ice container,and means forreturning the air to the said enclosure.

10. Air conditioning apparatus, comprising an ice container having anopening in the top for filling with pieces of ice, the bottom perforatedfor the drainage of ice water and for the entrance of air, the upperpart perforated for the exit of air, the major portion of the sidesthermally insulated for retarding the transmission of heat, and airpassages extending vertically through the majonr portion of the said icecontainer, having the sides and tops perforated to secure direct contactbetween the air and the pieces of ice, horizontal solid racks placedIbeneath the said ice container, horizontally positioned s'o that eachrack catches its proportion of the ice water dripping from the said icecontainer, said solid racks having turned up edges exposed to the saidice water drippings and the opposite edges turned down so Vas vto causethe ice water to ow across the. surface of the solid racks in direct andin indirect contact 'with the air and i to drip fromthe turned downedges, from one rack to another, in a series of small streams due tonotches formed at intervals in the said turned down edges so as to breakup the surface tension of the ice water, a receptacle placed beneath thesaid solid racks for catching the waste ice water dripping from thelowest solid rack, means for drawing air from an enclosure in and aroundthe bottom and sides of the waste ice water receptacle, means fordrawing the air through all of three vroutes and means forregulating theratios of the three flows, either around the thermally insulatedsides'of the ice containenor over and between the solidracks in adirection opposite to the iiow of the ice water, up through theperforated bottom of the ice container, up through the air passages ofthe ice container, and through the perforated portion` of.the upper partof the ice container, or over and between the solid racks in a directionlopposite tothe iiow of -the ice water and around the thermallyinsulated sides of the ice' container, and means for returning `thecombined ow of air to the said enclosure. t

11.,.Air conditioning apparatus, comprising an ice container having anvopening in the top for filling with pieces of ice, the bottom perforatedfor the drainage of ice water andV for the entrance of air, the upperpart perforated for the exit' of air, the major portion of the sidesthermally insulated for retarding the transmission of heat, and airpassages extending vertically through the major portion of the said icecontainer, having the sides and tops perforated to secure direct contactbetween the v-air and the pieces of ice, horizontal solid racks placedbeneath the said ice container, horizontally positioned so that eachrack catches its proportion of the ice Water dripping from the said icecontainer, said solid racks having turned up edges exposed to the saidice water drippings and the opposite edges'turned down so as to causethe ice water to iiow across the surface of the said solid racks indirect and in indirect contactvwith es v' the air and to drip from theturned down edges,

from one rack to another, in' a series of small solid rack, means fordrawinl air from an enclosure in and around the bottom and sides of thewaste ice water rceptacle and around the thermally insulated sides ofthe ice container,

and means` for returning the flow of aix' to the 5 said enclosure.

HIRAM JOSEPH KAUI'MAN. A

